A violin string on a violin is of length L and can be considered to be fastened at both ends. The fundamental of the open string has a frequency f 0 . The violinist bows the string at a distance L/4 from one end touches the string lightly at the midpoint.
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For the open string, the wavelength λ 0 corresponding to the fundamental frequency f 0 is given by λ 0 /2 = L. When the violinist bows at L/4 from one end and touches the string at L/2, the former point is a node and the latter point an antinode so that λ 0 = L. Hence the string has the shape shown in Fig. and, as f 0 
1/ λ 0 , the fundamental frequency is 2f 0 .
The frequency of the first overtone is 4f 0 .
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